Spatial and temporal variation in Drosophilidae ( Diptera ) abundance in three environments with different vegetal cover levels in a park in Porto Alegre , southern

We have investigated any permanent impact on development stages of Drosophila melanogaster in this study. Thus F1 and F2 generations of Drosophila melanogaster, obtained from parents that were fed in bottles containing SDM with test compounds of Fumonisin B1 chronically, were checked in terms of developmental stages of Drosophila melanogaster. But any effect has not been found. In addition to this, the number of F2 offspring was calculated in respect of gender and total number. A significant decrease was observed in all concentrations according to Control+DMSO (10%) (Table 1). These results have concluded that Fumonisin B1 has lasting effect on Drosophila melanogaster. There are very few reports available on the adverse effects of Fusarium moniliforme (Gelderblom et al., 1988). This fungus occurs worldwide on a variety of plant hosts (Nelson et al., 1991). Fumonisins are toxic metabolites of the fungus Fusarium moniliforme, which is a common contaminant of corn everywhere in the world. The fumonisins are carcinogenic in laboratory rats, and cause acute toxicity of domestic animals that mimics field cases of disease attributed to contamination of feed by Fusarium moniliforme (Norred, 1993). Fumonisin B1 is the major fumonisin present both in cultures and in naturally contaminated samples (Nelson et al., 1991). References: Bezuidenhout, S.C., W.C.A. Gelderbloom, C.P. Gorst-Allman et al., 1988, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 743-745; Chien, S., L.T. Reiter, E. Brier, and M. Gribskov 2002, Nucleic acids Research. 30: 149-151; Creppy, E.E., 2002, Toxicology Letters 127: 19–28; Çakır Ş., and A. Bozcuk 2000, Turk J Biol. 24: 321–329; Gelderblom, W.C., K. Jaskiewicz, W.F.O. Marasas, P.G. Thiel, R.M. Horak, R. Vleggaar, and N.P.J. Kriek 1988, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 54: 18061811; Gelderblom, W.C.A., S.D. Snyman, S. Abel, S. Lebepe-Mazur, C.M. Smuts, L. Van der Westhuizen, and W.F.O. Marasas 1996, Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 392: 279-296; Harrison, L.R., B.M. Colvin, J.T. Greene, L.E. Newman, and J.R. Cole 1990, J. Vet. Diag. Invest. 2: 217-221; Kellerman, T.S., W.F.O. Marasas, P.G. Thiel, et al., 1990, Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res. 57: 269-275; Knasmuller, S., N. Bresgen, F. Kassie, V. Mersch-Sundermann, W. Gelderblom, E. Zohere, and P.M. Eckl 1997, Mutat. Res. 13: 39-48; Marasas, W.F.O., T.S. Kellerman, W.C.A. Gelderblom, J.A.W. Coetzer, P.G. Thiel, and J.J. van der Lugt 1988, Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res. 55: 197-203; Nelson, P.E., R.D. Plattner, D.D. Shackelford, and A.E. Desjardins 1991, Applied and Environ. Microbial. 57: 24102412; Norred, W.P., 1993, J. Toxicol. Environ. Health. 38: 309-28; Peraica, M., B. Radic, A. Lucic, and M. Pavlovic 1999, Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 77 (9).